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Introduction

Nearly 7% of the world population is obese1 and about 66% of the adults in the United States are overweight or obese.2 Obesity is associated with a number of adverse medical conditions including increased risk of gallbladder disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease (CHD), osteoarthritis, cancer death and reduced life expectancy.3–8 Obesity is also associated with adverse social and psychological consequences, including bias, discrimination and decreased quality of life.9,10

More effective treatment strategies are urgently needed for obesity management. The total caloric intake or energy density of one’s diet appears to be associated with obesity11–14 and a diet that induces a negative energy balance continues to be an important part of obesity management. Strategies to achieve the difficult task of eating less than desired include reduction of the energy density of foods by increasing food volume by the addition of fluids,15,16 bulk17–19 or their combination;20 or by increasing satiety by various anorectic drugs or macronutrient combinations of high satiety value.

Satiety is positively associated with the protein, fiber and water content of foods and negatively with fat and palatability ratings.21,22 However, within food groups, there may be as much as a twofold difference in satiety values, suggesting that certain foods promote greater satiety independent of macronutrient content or energy density. An egg is an example of such a food that has a 50% greater satiety index compared to white bread or ready-to-eat breakfast cereal.21 Compared to an isocaloric bagel breakfast of equal weight, an egg breakfast had a greater satiating effect, which translated into a lower caloric intake at lunch.23 The resulting decrease in energy consumption lasted for at least 24 h after the egg breakfast.

This study was undertaken to exploit the short-term satiating benefits of an egg breakfast23 for weight loss in a longer-term trial. The objectives were to determine if the incorporation of an egg breakfast in the diet by overweight or obese subjects would (1) induce reduced energy intake and unintentional weight loss, even when not attempting weight reduction; or (2) enhance weight loss when following a reduced energy diet. We compared the effects of an egg vs isocaloric bagel breakfast of equal weight on weight loss, indices of body size and composition, dietary compliance, food cravings and health-specific quality of life.Materials and methods

The study was approved by the institutional review boards at Pennington Biomedical Research Center and at Saint Louis University. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants. We certify that all applicable institutional and governmental regulations regarding the ethical use of human volunteers were followed during this research.

Participants

Of the 160 participants enrolled, 8 did not complete the trial. The final study sample included 152 participants (131 women and 21 men; mean age 45.0±9.4 years; black participants 47.7% and white participants 52.3%). Demographic characteristics of the participants are provided inTable 1

Nasal augmentation, also known as rhinoplasty, is a surgical procedure that enhances the shape and size of the nose. It is a popular cosmetic surgery that can improve the appearance of the face and boost self-confidence. Nasal augmentation can also improve the function of the nose by correcting breathing problems caused by structural defects.

There are two types of nasal augmentation procedures: open and closed. Open rhinoplasty involves making an incision in the columella, the tissue that separates the nostrils. This allows the surgeon to lift the skin and tissue of the nose, giving them a better view of the nasal structure. Closed rhinoplasty involves making incisions inside the nostrils, making it a less invasive procedure. Both techniques have their own benefits and risks, and the choice of technique depends on the individual's needs.

The surgeon will typically use either autologous tissue, synthetic material, or a combination of both to augment the nose. Autologous tissue, such as cartilage from the septum or ear, provides a natural-looking and long-lasting result. Synthetic material, such as silicone implants or Gore-Tex, can also provide a satisfactory result but carries a higher risk of complications such as infection and extrusion.

Recovery from nasal augmentation typically takes one to two weeks. Patients may experience bruising, swelling, and discomfort, but these symptoms can be managed with pain medication and ice packs. Patients should avoid strenuous activity and wearing glasses or sunglasses for at least six weeks after surgery. The final result of the surgery may not be fully visible for several months as the swelling subsides and the tissues settle.

In conclusion, nasal augmentation is a safe and effective procedure that can improve the appearance and function of the nose. It is important to choose a skilled and experienced surgeon to ensure the best possible outcome. Patients should also have realistic expectations and understand the risks and benefits of the procedure before undergoing surgery.

Certainly, here's an article on "Heart Disease" with 1000 words:

Heart Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Heart disease is a broad term that covers a range of conditions that affect the heart. It is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 17.9 million people die each year from cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for heart disease is essential to preventing and managing this condition.

Symptoms

The symptoms of heart disease can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. However, some common symptoms include:

  1. Chest pain or discomfort
  2. Shortness of breath
  3. Irregular heartbeat
  4. Fatigue or weakness
  5. Dizziness or lightheadedness
  6. Nausea or vomiting

If you experience any of these symptoms, it's important to see a doctor as soon as possible.

Causes

Heart disease can have many causes, including:

  1. High blood pressure
  2. High cholesterol
  3. Smoking
  4. Diabetes
  5. Family history of heart disease
  6. Physical inactivity
  7. Obesity
  8. Stress

Some of these risk factors, such as family history, cannot be changed. However, others, such as smoking and physical inactivity, can be modified to reduce the risk of developing heart disease.

Treatment

The treatment for heart disease will depend on the type and severity of the condition. Some common treatments include:

  1. Medications, such as aspirin, statins, and beta-blockers
  2. Lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet
  3. Medical procedures, such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery

In some cases, a combination of these treatments may be necessary to manage heart disease effectively.

Prevention

Preventing heart disease is essential to reducing the risk of developing this condition. Some strategies for preventing heart disease include:

  1. Maintaining a healthy weight
  2. Exercising regularly
  3. Eating a healthy diet that is low in saturated and trans fats
  4. Quitting smoking
  5. Managing stress
  6. Controlling high blood pressure and high cholesterol
  7. Getting regular check-ups with a doctor

By taking these steps, you can reduce your risk of developing heart disease and improve your overall health and well-being.

Conclusion

Heart disease is a serious condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for heart disease is essential to preventing and managing this condition. By making healthy lifestyle choices and seeking medical treatment when necessary, you can reduce your risk of developing heart disease and lead a healthy, active life.